[Answered]: 5 Points Which cell in the table represents false…

5 Points Which cell in the table represents false positives? Fourfold Table for Classification of Screening Test Results Condition According to Gold Standard Present Absent Total Test result Positive a b a + b Predictive value (+) a/(a + b) Negative c d c + d Predictive value (−) d/(c + d) Total a + c b + d Grand total a + b + c+ d Sensitivity a/(a + c) Specificity d/(b = d) b a c d Question 13 5 Points Which cell in the table represents true positives? Fourfold Table for Classification of Screening Test Results Condition According to Gold Standard Present Absent Total Test result Positive a b a + b Predictive value (+) a/(a + b) Negative c d c + d Predictive value (−) d/(c + d) Total a + c b + d Grand total a + b + c+ d Sensitivity a/(a + c) Specificity d/(b = d) a b c d Question 14 5 Points A screening examination was performed on 250 persons for Factor X, which is found in disease Y. A definitive diagnosis for disease Y among the 250 persons had been obtained previously. The results of diagnoses are charted here: Test Results Disease Present Disease Absent Positive for Factor X 40 60 Negative for Factor X 10 140 Based on the information provided, which of the following expresses the sensitivity of this test? 30% 70% 56% 80% Question 15 5 Points A screening examination was performed on 250 persons for Factor X, which is found in disease Y. A definitive diagnosis for disease Y among the 250 persons had been obtained previously. The results of diagnoses are charted here: Test Results Disease Present Disease Absent Positive for Factor X 40 60 Negative for Factor X 10 140 Based on the information provided, which of the following expresses the specificity of this test? 30% 70% 56% 7% Question 16 5 Points The natural history of disease refers to the time course of disease from its beginning to its final clinical endpoints. True False Question 17 5 Points Reliability is synonymous with precision, whereas validity is synonymous with accuracy. True False Question 18 5 Points Secondary prevention is directed toward the later stages of pathogenesis and involves programs for restoring the patient’s optimal functioning. True False Question 19 5 Points Screening for disease provides only preliminary information that needs to be followed by diagnostic information. True False Question 20 5 Points Although a measure that is invalid can be reliable, it is possible for a measure that is unreliable to be valid. True False answer multiple choice