[Answered]: On a Saturday evening, a tractor-trailer loses…

On a Saturday evening, a tractor-trailer loses control, crosses the median of a roadway, and causes a ten-car pileup in the oncoming lanes of a highway. The hospital disaster plan is activated, and many health team members respond to the emergency department of the local hospital. The emergency department is filled and has a lot of noise and commotion because of the presence of patients, family members, and health team members. A patient who reported severe pain in the hip because of the accident was placed on a stretcher in an alcove in the hallway until a room becomes available. The patient is accompanied by her adult daughter and 5-year-old grandson. The daughter and grandson were passengers in the car, but they did not sustain any injuries and were not admitted to the emergency department. The nurse positions a curtain around the patient’s stretcher and stands near the head of the bed, facing the patient. The nurse cannot sit because a chair would block the hallway, creating an unsafe situation. While making eye contact with the patient, the nurse introduces himself by name and title and states that he is going to conduct an interview and perform a physical assessment. The nurse asks whether the patient prefers that the daughter and grandson stay or step to the other end of the hall during the interview. The patient says that it is alright for the daughter and grandson to stay during the interview. The grandson appears anxious and is pulling on the linen at the foot of the grandmother’s bed. The nurse observes the patient grimacing and rubbing her right hip. Before the nurse can assess the patient’s pain, the patient stated, “I am so angry. I was riding in the right lane, and I was on cruise control within the speed limit. Why did this have to happen?” The nurse responds, “It must be frustrating to know that you did everything right and still had something like this happen.” When beginning the pain assessment, the nurse asks, “What is the intensity of your pain on a scale of 0 to 10?” The nurse also says, “Tell me the location of the pain and what it feels like.” The patient is breathing in short, shallow breaths; shaking her head from side to side; and, with her eyes closed, states, “The pain in my right hip is crazy. It is unbearable.” The nurse responds, “Can you explain in more detail what you mean by ‘crazy’?” After diagnostic tests have been completed, the primary healthcare provider informs the patient that surgery to repair the right hip will be performed in the morning. The nurse then transports the patient to the orthopedics unit and reinforces the information about the patient being scheduled for an ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation) in the morning. After being transferred to a bed in the orthopedic unit, the patient begins to cry and says, “I am sorry I’m crying. I am such a big baby.” The nurse touches the patient’s arm and responds, “It’s okay to cry. You had a lot happen to you today. “Everything is going to be fine”. Try to be strong and a good role model for your grandson. Identify five nursing actions (non-verbal) that facilitated communication and the rationale for why they effectively promote communication.