[Solved]: A 65-year-old male with a long history of smoking…

A 65-year-old male with a long history of smoking presents to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath, wheezing, and productive cough. He is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and prescribed salbutamol (a β2-agonist inhaler) and ipratropium (an anticholinergic inhaler). A. Describe the pharmacological actions of salbutamol and ipratropium.